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Abstract Introduction Myocardial revascularization surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality, due to factors like the general anesthesia and the surgical procedure itself. Physiotherapy, combined with early mobilization (EM), can provide the patient with better functional parameters. Objective To review, identify and describe the effectiveness of EM in the prevention and rehabilitation of functional parameters of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methodology This is a systematic review conducted between February 2020 and 2021 of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in the Cochrane databases Library, LILACS, Scielo and Medline / PubMed. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used for assessment of the methodological quality of studies included. Results Four studies were reviewed. Two articles assessed functional capacity, one using the cycle ergometer and one with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) together with active exercises and early walking. One article reported a reduction in the incidence of atelectasis and pleural effusion with EM and one article reported improvements in the alveolus-artery gradient and inspiratory muscle power using an inspiratory muscle trainer combined with EM. Conclusion EM is effective in the prevention and rehabilitation of functional parameters after CABG surgery, by improving functional capacity, respiratory muscle power, quality of life and gas exchange, and reducing the incidence of atelectasis and pleural effusion.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to analyze the effects of 16 weeks of mat Pilates method intervention in self-esteem and depressive symptoms in women with breast cancer undergoing hormone therapy. Thirty-four women were randomized in Pilates group (PG) (n=18) and control group (CG) (n=16). The intervention occurs for 16 weeks, three times per week for 60 minutes each session (light to very hard intensity according to BORG scale). The CG received three educational sessions and was invited to maintain their routine activities. The data collection took place at the baseline and post-intervention. A questionnaire was applied including Self-Esteem Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. Anova Two way with repeated measures and Sydak comparison test was used to analyze the effects in the variables after the 16 weeks intervention. Two types of analysis were performed after the intervention, in the analysis by intention to treat PG (n=18) the self-esteem variable showed a significant result (p=0.011) and in the analysis by PG protocol (n=11) (p=0.013). The depressive symptoms did not demonstrate significant improvements after the intervention. Control group did not present any significant changes during the time of the study. The 16 weeks of PG was an effective intervention to improve self-esteem of women with breast cancer undergoing hormone therapy.
RESUMO O objetivo deste ensaio clínico randomizado foi analisar o efeito de 16 semanas de intervenção do método Pilates na autoestima e sintomas depressivos em mulheres com câncer de mama em terapia hormonal. Trinta e quatro mulheres foram randomizadas no grupo Pilates (PG) (n = 18) e no grupo controle (GC) (n = 16). A intervenção ocorre por 16 semanas, com 3x por semana, durante 60 minutos cada sessão (intensidade leve a intenso de acordo com a escala de BORG). O GC recebeu atividades educativas em forma de palestras e foi convidado a manter suas atividades de rotina. A coleta de dados ocorreu na linha de base e pós-intervenção. Foi aplicado um questionário incluindo a Escala de Autoestima e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Anova Two way, com medidas repetidas e teste de comparação de Sydak, foi utilizado para analisar os efeitos nas variáveis após as 16 semanas de intervenção. Dois tipos de análise foram realizados após a intervenção, na análise por intenção de tratar PG (n=18) a variável autoestima apresentou resultado significativo (p=0.011) e na análise por protocolo PG (n=11) (p=0.013). Os sintomas depressivos não demonstraram melhora significativas após a intervenção. O grupo controle não apresentou alterações significativas durante o período do estudo. As 16 semanas de PG foram uma intervenção eficaz para melhorar a autoestima de mulheres com câncer de mama em terapia hormonal.
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Abstract This work describes the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities in vitro of organic extracts from fourteen seaweeds, eleven sponges, two ascidians, one bryozoan, and one sea anemone species collected along the Brazilian and Spanish coast, as well as the isolation of the diterpene (4R, 9S, 14S)-4α-acetoxy-9β,14α-dihydroxydolast-1(15),7-diene (1) and halogenated sesquiterpene elatol (2). The most promising antimicrobial results for cell wall bacteria were obtained by extracts from seaweeds Laurencia dendroidea and Sargassum vulgare var. nanun (MIC 250 μg/ml), and by the bryozoan Bugula neritina (MIC 62.5 μg/ml), both against Staphylococcus aureus. As for antimollicutes, extracts from seaweeds showed results better than the extracts from invertebrates. Almost all seaweeds assayed (92%) exhibited some antimicrobial activity against mollicutes strains (Mycoplasma hominis,Mycoplasma genitalium,Mycoplasma capricolum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae strain FH). From these seaweeds, A1 (Canistrocarpus cervicornis), A11 (Gracilaria sp.) and A4 (Lobophora variegata) showed the best results for M. pneumoniae strain FH (MIC 250 μg/ml). Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 were also assayed against mollicutes strains M. hominis,M. genitalium,M. capricolum,M. pneumoniae strain 129 and M. pneumoniae strain FH, which showed MIC > 100 μg/ml. Antioxidant activities of extracts from these marine organisms were inactive, except for E7 (from sponge Ircinia sp.), which exhibited moderated antioxidant activities for two methods assayed (IC50 83.0 ± 0.1 μg/ml, and 52.0 ± 0.8 mg AA/g, respectively). Finally, for the anticholinesterase activity, all the 29 samples evaluated (100%) exhibited some level of activity, with IC50 < 1000 μg/ml. From these, seaweeds extracts were considered more promising than marine invertebrate extracts [A10 (IC50 14.4 ± 0.1 μg/ml), A16 (IC50 16.4 ± 0.4 μg/ml) and A8 (IC50 14.9 ± 0.5 μg/ml)]. The findings of this work are useful for further research aiming at isolation and characterization of active compounds.
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Foi realizado estudo para avaliar o consumo de dentifrícios fluorados em Curitiba. Foram realizadas entrevistas com a populaçao, em diversos níveis sócio-econômicos e de escolaridade. Com relaçao à preferência pelo uso de dentifrícios fluorados, pesquisou-se: a) a divulgaçao comercial das diversas marcas; b) a indicaçao por cirurgiao-dentista; c) os preços dos produtos; d) o nível de informaçao sobre as vantagens dos fluorados. Concluiu-se que 63,8% da amostra estudada dao preferência a dentifrícios sem flúor, e 36,2% com flúor. Analisam-se as diversas causas que parecem ter levado s este resultado